Construction Materials and Management MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Construction Materials and Management - Download Free PDF

Explanation:

• Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a digital 3D modeling process used in construction to:

  • Integrate architectural, structural, and MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing) systems

  • Detect clashes between different design elements (e.g., beam and duct intersections)

  • Enable 4D (time) scheduling and 5D (cost) estimation

• BIM enhances collaboration among stakeholders (architects, engineers, contractors) by using a central coordinated model.

• Widely used in:

  • Metro rail projects

  • Smart cities

  • Hospitals

  • Airports

• Incorrect options:

  • Monolithic RCC is a construction method, not a digital tool.

  • Speed floor system and gypsum panels are physical construction technologies, unrelated to digital coordination.

BIM is mandated or encouraged by agencies like CPWD, NBCC, and is referenced in the National Building Code of India 2016 for efficient project delivery.

Explanation:

• The 3-S system is an industrialized construction approach that emphasizes:

  • System: Use of standardized, modular, precast components (e.g., wall panels, beams, staircases)

  • Speed: Quick assembly of components on-site due to factory-made parts

  • Safety: Reduced on-site labor and formwork leading to fewer accidents and better quality control

• Widely used in:

  • Mass housing schemes

  • Government infrastructure projects

  • Urban residential complexes

• Incorrect options:

  • "Speed, Steel, Safety" is misleading — steel is a material, not a concept of the system.

  • "Shear, Strength, Stiffness" and "Strength, Stability, Sustainability" are mechanical or structural properties, not part of the 3-S construction terminology.

The 3-S system is designed to modernize construction, reduce delays, and improve safety using precast RCC technologies.

Explanation:

• The Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Panel System is a lightweight sandwich panel system made of:

  • Polystyrene core (insulation)

  • Cement-based outer boards (strength and durability)

• Key Features:

  • Rapid installation due to modular design

  • Excellent thermal insulation from the EPS core

  • Reduces structural dead load and speeds up construction

  • Common in mass housing, shelters, prefab cabins, and energy-efficient buildings

• Incorrect options:

  • Speed floor system is for flooring speed, not insulation.

  • Modular steel frame offers structural speed but lacks integrated insulation.

  • Glass-reinforced gypsum is a durable panel but not designed specifically for insulation.

The EPS core panel system excels in energy efficiency, making it ideal for fast, sustainable construction in both rural and urban projects.

Explanation:

• Prefabricated structures are built by assembling components manufactured in a factory, which are then transported to the site.

• Key advantages:

  • Faster construction timelines

  • Reduced labor costs

  • Higher quality due to factory-controlled environment

  • Repetitive elements allow for standardization and modular designs

• Incorrect statements:

  • Prefabrication can use various materials, including concrete, wood, steel, etc., not just steel.

  • Foundations are still required to support prefabricated units.

  • Prefab structures are not constructed entirely on-site — the opposite is true; most of the work is off-site.

Prefabrication is ideal for mass housing, schools, compound walls, and disaster relief shelters where speed and uniformity are crucial.

Explanation:

• Bituminous membranes are one of the most widely used materials for waterproofing flat terraces and roofs.

• They are applied as sheets or liquid coatings that form a seamless, water-resistant layer.

• Advantages:

  • Excellent adhesion to concrete

  • Durable and elastic, adapting to thermal movement

  • Common in both residential and industrial buildings

• False flooring is related to aesthetics and service routing, not waterproofing.

• Gypsum insulation addresses thermal performance, not moisture prevention.

• Pest control targets biological threats like termites, not water ingress.

Bituminous membranes are mentioned in IS 3067 as a standard method for roof and terrace waterproofing.

Concept:

Fine aggregate:

The grading of fine aggregates, when determined as described in IS: 2386 (Part I)-1963 shall be within the limits given in Table 4 and shall be described as fine aggregates, Grading Zones I, II, III and IV: Where the grading falls outside the limits of any particular grading zone of sieves other than 600-micron IS Sieve by a total amount not exceeding 5 percent, it shall be regarded as falling within that grading zone. This tolerance shall not be applied to the percentage passing the 600-micron IS Sieve or to the percentage passing any other sieve size on the coarse limit ef Grading Zone I or the finer limit of Grading Zone IV.  

As per IS:383-1970:(Table 4)

The correct answer is slaked lime.

• Quicklime (CaO) reacts with water to form slaked lime {Ca(OH)₂}.
• The addition of a limited amount of water to quick lime is called slacking of lime.
• When Calcium oxide is mixed with water it forms Calcium Hydroxide.
• The above reaction can be written as
  • ⇒ CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂
• Calcium Hydroxide is used in the preparation of Mortar.

Additional Information

1) Weathering is the process of breaking down and loosening the surface minerals of rock so that they can be transported away by agents of erosion such as water, wind and ice.

2) Quarrying is the multistage process by which rock is extracted from the ground and crushed to produce aggregate, which is then screened into the sizes required for immediate use, or for further processing, such as coating with bitumen to make bituminous macadam or asphalt.

3) Dressing of Stone is the working of quarried stone into the shape and size required for use. This can be necessary as stones obtained from quarrying generally do not have the exact required dimensions or finish.

4) Cladding is a layer of natural stone applied to the walls. When applied it gives an effect such that the wall is made of the natural stone itself.

Concept:

Impact test:

Impact test is used to determining the toughness of stone, it is performed in an Impact Test Machine as followed:

1. A cylinder of diameter 25mm and height 25mm is taken out from the sample of stones.
2. It is then placed on the cast iron anvil of the machine.
3. A steel hammer of weight 20N is allowed to fall axially in a vertical direction over the specimen.
4. The height of the first blow is 1 cm, that of the second blow is 2 cm, that of the third blow is 3 cm, and so on.
5. Blow at which specimen breaks is noted. If it is an nth blow, ‘n’ represents the toughness index of stone.

Explanation:

Slaking is the process in which quick lime reacts with water, during this reaction, it swells, cracks, and falls out as calcium hydroxide.

Concept:

Classification and uses of building stones-

A good building stone has the following properties:

• Percentage of wear in the attrition test should not be more than 3
• Specific gravity should be at least 2.7
• Coefficient of hardness should be greater than 17
• Percentage of water absorption by weight of stone should be less than 5
• Toughness index should not be less than 13
• Crushing strength should be greater than 100 N/mm² or MPa.

Explanation:

Fineness modulus of sand (fine aggregate) is an index number that represents the mean size of the particles in sand.

FM is the sum of the total percentages retained on each specified sieve divided by 100.

Explanation:

Standard consistency test:

• This test determines the percentage of water required to make workable cement paste.
• Vicat’s apparatus is used to perform this test.
• Temperature during test = 27 ± 2°C
• Relative humidity = 90%
• As per Vicat’s test ‘the percentage of water added to the cement at which the needle can not penetrate 5-7 mm from bottom of the mould is called consistency.
• For OPC consistency is around 30%
• In order to make a cement paste of normal consistency, the percentage of water varies from 25 to 35%.

Important Points

A good building stone has the following properties:

• The percentage of wear in the attrition test should not be more than 2 for road work.
• Specific gravity should be at least 2.7
• The coefficient of hardness should be greater than 17
• Percentage of water absorption by weight of stone should be less than 5
• The toughness index should not be less than 13
• Crushing strength should be greater than 100 N/mm²

For road works, Wear not more than 2% and for building stone, It should not more than 3%.