Climate MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Climate - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

The climate of Madhya Pradesh

• It has a subtropical climate with three distinct seasons: winter (December to February), summer (March to May) and the rainy season (June to October). Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• Madhya Pradesh experiences a monsoon climate, receiving most rainfall from the southwest monsoon during the summer. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• The southeastern part of the state receives relatively higher rainfall.
• The southeastern part of Madhya Pradesh, including districts like Mandla, Balaghat, and Chhindwara, receives relatively higher rainfall. This region is influenced by the southwesterly monsoon winds, resulting in more rainfall compared to other parts of the state. 
• The climate of Madhya Pradesh is influenced by the Tropic of Cancer which passes through its central part. Hence, Statement 4 is correct.
• The southern parts of Madhya Pradesh have a tropical wet and dry climate with a distinct dry season in the winter. Hence, Statement 3 is not correct.
• The Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh is located in the temperate zone. It receives the majority of its annual rainfall during the southwest monsoon period, which is from June to September. 

The correct answer is the Sahara Desert.

Key Points

• The Himalayan Mountains play a significant role in India's climate, as they act as a barrier to cold winds from Central Asia and help regulate the temperature in the northern part of the country.
• The Indian Ocean is another important factor, as it moderates the climate along the coast and influences the monsoon season, which is critical for agriculture and water supply in India.
• The Western Ghats, a mountain range along the western coast of India, also have a significant impact on the climate, as they block the southwest monsoon winds and cause heavy rainfall in the region.
• However, the Sahara Desert, which is located in North Africa, is too far away from India to have any direct impact on its climate. It may indirectly affect the climate in some parts of the world through atmospheric circulation patterns, but not in India.

Additional Information

• The Himalayan Mountains are a range of high peaks that stretch across several countries, including India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China.
  • They are home to several glaciers and rivers that are critical for water supply in the region.
• The Sahara Desert is the world's largest hot desert, covering about 3.6 million square miles.
  • It is known for its extreme temperatures and low rainfall and is home to several unique species of plants and animals that have adapted to the harsh conditions.
• The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean in the world, covering an area of about 70 million square miles.
  • It is home to several important shipping routes and is known for its rich biodiversity, including several species of whales, dolphins, and sea turtles.
• The Western Ghats are a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for their rich biodiversity, including several endemic species of plants and animals.
  • They are also home to several tribal communities that have lived in the region for centuries.

Important Points

FACTORS DETERMINING THE CLIMATE OF INDIA

Latitude :

• The northern part of India lies in the sub-tropical and temperate zone and the part lying south of the Tropic of Cancer falls in the tropical zone.
• The tropical zone being nearer to the equator experiences high temperatures throughout the year with small daily and annual ranges.
• The area north of the Tropic of Cancer away from the equator experiences an extreme climate with a high daily and annual range of temperature.

The Himalayan Mountains :

• The lofty Himalayas in the north along with its extensions act as an effective climatic divide.
• The towering mountain chain provides an invincible shield to protect the subcontinent from the cold northern winds.
• These cold and chilly winds originate near the Arctic Circle and blow across central and eastern Asia.
• The Himalayas also trap the monsoon winds, forcing them to shed their moisture within the subcontinent.

Distribution of Land and Water :

• India is flanked by the Indian Ocean on three sides in the south and girdled by a high and continuous mountain wall in the north. As compared to the landmass, water heats up or cools down slowly.
• This differential heating of land and sea creates different air pressure zones in different seasons in and around the Indian subcontinent.
• Difference in air pressure causes a reversal in the direction of monsoon winds.

Distance from the Sea :

• With a long coastline, large coastal areas have an equable climate. Areas in the interior of India are far away from the moderating influence of the sea. Such areas have extremes of climate.
• That is why, the people of Mumbai and the Konkan coast have hardly any idea of extremes of temperature and the seasonal rhythm of weather.
• On the other hand, the seasonal contrasts in weather at places in the interior of the country such as Delhi, Kanpur and Amritsar affect the entire sphere of life.

Altitude :

• Temperature decreases with height. Due to thin air, places in the mountains are cooler than places on the plains.
• For example, Agra and Darjeeling are located on the same latitude, but the temperature of January in Agra is 16°C whereas it is only 4°C in Darjeeling.

Relief :

• The physiography or relief of India also affects the temperature, air pressure, direction and speed of wind and the amount and distribution of rainfall.
• The windward sides of Western Ghats and Assam receive high rainfall during June-September whereas the southern plateau remains dry due to its leeward situation along the Western Ghats.

The correct answer is September – October.Key Points

• Madhya Pradesh has a tropical mansoon climate and is situated in a subtropical climate area.
• The monsoon weather pattern controls Madhya Pradesh's climate.
• There are three different seasons: summer (March through May), winter (November through February), and the rainy south-west monsoon months in between (June through September).
• The seasons in M.P. are also known by various names, such as "Unala" for summer, "Choumasa" for rainy, and "Siyala" for winter.
• The state's second summer is characterized by the scorching days of September and October.

Additional Information

• India's center is where Madhya Pradesh is situated.
• Due to the latitudinal stretch of Madhya Pradesh, which extends 870 km from east to west, the state has a variety of weather variations.
• The tropical climate of Madhya Pradesh is caused by the presence of the Tropic of Cancer, which runs through 14 districts in the state's central region.
• There is a wide regional variation in the rainfall.
• While Bhind barely receives 62.4cm of rainfall on average, Pachmarhi receives 212.3cm.

The correct answer is the Sahara Desert.

Key Points

• The Himalayan Mountains play a significant role in India's climate, as they act as a barrier to cold winds from Central Asia and help regulate the temperature in the northern part of the country.
• The Indian Ocean is another important factor, as it moderates the climate along the coast and influences the monsoon season, which is critical for agriculture and water supply in India.
• The Western Ghats, a mountain range along the western coast of India, also have a significant impact on the climate, as they block the southwest monsoon winds and cause heavy rainfall in the region.
• However, the Sahara Desert, which is located in North Africa, is too far away from India to have any direct impact on its climate. It may indirectly affect the climate in some parts of the world through atmospheric circulation patterns, but not in India.

Additional Information

• The Himalayan Mountains are a range of high peaks that stretch across several countries, including India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China.
  • They are home to several glaciers and rivers that are critical for water supply in the region.
• The Sahara Desert is the world's largest hot desert, covering about 3.6 million square miles.
  • It is known for its extreme temperatures and low rainfall and is home to several unique species of plants and animals that have adapted to the harsh conditions.
• The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean in the world, covering an area of about 70 million square miles.
  • It is home to several important shipping routes and is known for its rich biodiversity, including several species of whales, dolphins, and sea turtles.
• The Western Ghats are a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for their rich biodiversity, including several endemic species of plants and animals.
  • They are also home to several tribal communities that have lived in the region for centuries.

Important Points

FACTORS DETERMINING THE CLIMATE OF INDIA

Latitude :

• The northern part of India lies in the sub-tropical and temperate zone and the part lying south of the Tropic of Cancer falls in the tropical zone.
• The tropical zone being nearer to the equator experiences high temperatures throughout the year with small daily and annual ranges.
• The area north of the Tropic of Cancer away from the equator experiences an extreme climate with a high daily and annual range of temperature.

The Himalayan Mountains :

• The lofty Himalayas in the north along with its extensions act as an effective climatic divide.
• The towering mountain chain provides an invincible shield to protect the subcontinent from the cold northern winds.
• These cold and chilly winds originate near the Arctic Circle and blow across central and eastern Asia.
• The Himalayas also trap the monsoon winds, forcing them to shed their moisture within the subcontinent.

Distribution of Land and Water :

• India is flanked by the Indian Ocean on three sides in the south and girdled by a high and continuous mountain wall in the north. As compared to the landmass, water heats up or cools down slowly.
• This differential heating of land and sea creates different air pressure zones in different seasons in and around the Indian subcontinent.
• Difference in air pressure causes a reversal in the direction of monsoon winds.

Distance from the Sea :

• With a long coastline, large coastal areas have an equable climate. Areas in the interior of India are far away from the moderating influence of the sea. Such areas have extremes of climate.
• That is why, the people of Mumbai and the Konkan coast have hardly any idea of extremes of temperature and the seasonal rhythm of weather.
• On the other hand, the seasonal contrasts in weather at places in the interior of the country such as Delhi, Kanpur and Amritsar affect the entire sphere of life.

Altitude :

• Temperature decreases with height. Due to thin air, places in the mountains are cooler than places on the plains.
• For example, Agra and Darjeeling are located on the same latitude, but the temperature of January in Agra is 16°C whereas it is only 4°C in Darjeeling.

Relief :

• The physiography or relief of India also affects the temperature, air pressure, direction and speed of wind and the amount and distribution of rainfall.
• The windward sides of Western Ghats and Assam receive high rainfall during June-September whereas the southern plateau remains dry due to its leeward situation along the Western Ghats.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

The climate of Madhya Pradesh

• It has a subtropical climate with three distinct seasons: winter (December to February), summer (March to May) and the rainy season (June to October). Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• Madhya Pradesh experiences a monsoon climate, receiving most rainfall from the southwest monsoon during the summer. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• The southeastern part of the state receives relatively higher rainfall.
• The southeastern part of Madhya Pradesh, including districts like Mandla, Balaghat, and Chhindwara, receives relatively higher rainfall. This region is influenced by the southwesterly monsoon winds, resulting in more rainfall compared to other parts of the state. 
• The climate of Madhya Pradesh is influenced by the Tropic of Cancer which passes through its central part. Hence, Statement 4 is correct.
• The southern parts of Madhya Pradesh have a tropical wet and dry climate with a distinct dry season in the winter. Hence, Statement 3 is not correct.
• The Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh is located in the temperate zone. It receives the majority of its annual rainfall during the southwest monsoon period, which is from June to September. 

The correct answer is the Sahara Desert.

Key Points

• The Himalayan Mountains play a significant role in India's climate, as they act as a barrier to cold winds from Central Asia and help regulate the temperature in the northern part of the country.
• The Indian Ocean is another important factor, as it moderates the climate along the coast and influences the monsoon season, which is critical for agriculture and water supply in India.
• The Western Ghats, a mountain range along the western coast of India, also have a significant impact on the climate, as they block the southwest monsoon winds and cause heavy rainfall in the region.
• However, the Sahara Desert, which is located in North Africa, is too far away from India to have any direct impact on its climate. It may indirectly affect the climate in some parts of the world through atmospheric circulation patterns, but not in India.

Additional Information

• The Himalayan Mountains are a range of high peaks that stretch across several countries, including India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China.
  • They are home to several glaciers and rivers that are critical for water supply in the region.
• The Sahara Desert is the world's largest hot desert, covering about 3.6 million square miles.
  • It is known for its extreme temperatures and low rainfall and is home to several unique species of plants and animals that have adapted to the harsh conditions.
• The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean in the world, covering an area of about 70 million square miles.
  • It is home to several important shipping routes and is known for its rich biodiversity, including several species of whales, dolphins, and sea turtles.
• The Western Ghats are a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for their rich biodiversity, including several endemic species of plants and animals.
  • They are also home to several tribal communities that have lived in the region for centuries.

Important Points

FACTORS DETERMINING THE CLIMATE OF INDIA

Latitude :

• The northern part of India lies in the sub-tropical and temperate zone and the part lying south of the Tropic of Cancer falls in the tropical zone.
• The tropical zone being nearer to the equator experiences high temperatures throughout the year with small daily and annual ranges.
• The area north of the Tropic of Cancer away from the equator experiences an extreme climate with a high daily and annual range of temperature.

The Himalayan Mountains :

• The lofty Himalayas in the north along with its extensions act as an effective climatic divide.
• The towering mountain chain provides an invincible shield to protect the subcontinent from the cold northern winds.
• These cold and chilly winds originate near the Arctic Circle and blow across central and eastern Asia.
• The Himalayas also trap the monsoon winds, forcing them to shed their moisture within the subcontinent.

Distribution of Land and Water :

• India is flanked by the Indian Ocean on three sides in the south and girdled by a high and continuous mountain wall in the north. As compared to the landmass, water heats up or cools down slowly.
• This differential heating of land and sea creates different air pressure zones in different seasons in and around the Indian subcontinent.
• Difference in air pressure causes a reversal in the direction of monsoon winds.

Distance from the Sea :

• With a long coastline, large coastal areas have an equable climate. Areas in the interior of India are far away from the moderating influence of the sea. Such areas have extremes of climate.
• That is why, the people of Mumbai and the Konkan coast have hardly any idea of extremes of temperature and the seasonal rhythm of weather.
• On the other hand, the seasonal contrasts in weather at places in the interior of the country such as Delhi, Kanpur and Amritsar affect the entire sphere of life.

Altitude :

• Temperature decreases with height. Due to thin air, places in the mountains are cooler than places on the plains.
• For example, Agra and Darjeeling are located on the same latitude, but the temperature of January in Agra is 16°C whereas it is only 4°C in Darjeeling.

Relief :

• The physiography or relief of India also affects the temperature, air pressure, direction and speed of wind and the amount and distribution of rainfall.
• The windward sides of Western Ghats and Assam receive high rainfall during June-September whereas the southern plateau remains dry due to its leeward situation along the Western Ghats.

The correct answer is September – October.Key Points

• Madhya Pradesh has a tropical mansoon climate and is situated in a subtropical climate area.
• The monsoon weather pattern controls Madhya Pradesh's climate.
• There are three different seasons: summer (March through May), winter (November through February), and the rainy south-west monsoon months in between (June through September).
• The seasons in M.P. are also known by various names, such as "Unala" for summer, "Choumasa" for rainy, and "Siyala" for winter.
• The state's second summer is characterized by the scorching days of September and October.

Additional Information

• India's center is where Madhya Pradesh is situated.
• Due to the latitudinal stretch of Madhya Pradesh, which extends 870 km from east to west, the state has a variety of weather variations.
• The tropical climate of Madhya Pradesh is caused by the presence of the Tropic of Cancer, which runs through 14 districts in the state's central region.
• There is a wide regional variation in the rainfall.
• While Bhind barely receives 62.4cm of rainfall on average, Pachmarhi receives 212.3cm.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

The climate of Madhya Pradesh

• It has a subtropical climate with three distinct seasons: winter (December to February), summer (March to May) and the rainy season (June to October). Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• Madhya Pradesh experiences a monsoon climate, receiving most rainfall from the southwest monsoon during the summer. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• The southeastern part of the state receives relatively higher rainfall.
• The southeastern part of Madhya Pradesh, including districts like Mandla, Balaghat, and Chhindwara, receives relatively higher rainfall. This region is influenced by the southwesterly monsoon winds, resulting in more rainfall compared to other parts of the state. 
• The climate of Madhya Pradesh is influenced by the Tropic of Cancer which passes through its central part. Hence, Statement 4 is correct.
• The southern parts of Madhya Pradesh have a tropical wet and dry climate with a distinct dry season in the winter. Hence, Statement 3 is not correct.
• The Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh is located in the temperate zone. It receives the majority of its annual rainfall during the southwest monsoon period, which is from June to September. 

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• Statement 1: Most of the rainfall in the state is received from the monsoon.
  • True. Madhya Pradesh receives 80–90% of its annual rainfall from the Southwest Monsoon (June to September).
• Statement 2: Wind speed during winters is faster than in summer and rainy seasons.
  • False. Wind speeds are typically higher during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons due to convective activities and storm systems. Winter winds are generally calmer and cooler.
• Statement 3: Distance from sea also affects the distribution of monsoon rains in the state.
  • True. The interior position of Madhya Pradesh and its distance from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal influences the intensity and duration of monsoon rains.
• Statement 4: Summer temperature in Pachmarhi is related to the altitude above sea level.
  • True. Pachmarhi, at around 1,067 m elevation, experiences cooler summer temperatures compared to lowland regions due to altitude-related temperature decline (lapse rate).