Art & Culture MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Art & Culture - Download Free PDF

The Correct answer is Banaras and Lucknow.

Key Points

• Thumri is a semi-classical form of Indian vocal music known for its expressive and romantic themes.
• The two prominent Gharanas associated with Thumri are based in Banaras and Lucknow.
• Banaras Gharana: Known for its spiritual and devotional touch, this style emphasizes the lyrical aspect of Thumri with intricate melodic variations. It is often performed in a more relaxed and meditative manner.
• Lucknow Gharana: This Gharana is recognized for its expressive and dramatic style, focusing on the emotional depth and beauty of Thumri. It heavily incorporates gestures and facial expressions to convey the mood of the song.
• Both Gharanas have contributed significantly to the evolution and popularity of Thumri, making them integral to Indian classical music.
• Thumri is often accompanied by instruments such as the tabla, harmonium, and sarangi, enhancing its melodious appeal.

Additional Information

• Agra and Kirana
  • The Agra Gharana is primarily known for its Dhrupad and Khayal styles rather than Thumri. It emphasizes robust and powerful singing techniques.
  • The Kirana Gharana is famous for its focus on the melodic and subtle nuances of Khayal singing. It is not predominantly associated with Thumri.
• Gwalior and Bhopal
  • The Gwalior Gharana is the oldest Gharana in Indian classical music, known for its Khayal style. It does not hold a significant tradition of Thumri singing.
  • Bhopal does not have a notable Gharana associated with Thumri or any prominent style of Indian classical music.
• Patiala and Talwandi
  • The Patiala Gharana is renowned for its Khayal and Tappa styles, characterized by intricate rhythmic patterns and fast-paced singing.
  • Talwandi Gharana is primarily associated with Dhrupad style and does not have a significant tradition of Thumri singing.

The correct answer is option 1.

In News

• During the Prime Minister's recent visit to Trinidad and Tobago, a performance of the traditional Bhojpuri Chautal was part of the welcoming ceremony.

Key Points

• Statement I:Chautal is a 12-beat rhythmic cycle used in Hindustani classical music, especially in Dhrupad and Dhamar forms. Hence, Statement I is correct.
• Statement II: Chautal is strongly associated with the pakhawaj, not the tabla, and is performed in a powerful, heavy manner—contrasting with the delicate style of tabla. Hence, Statement II is incorrect.

Additional Information

• Chautal (also known as Chartaal or Chowtaal) has alternative structural interpretations among musicians, with some considering it four vibhags (4, 4, 2, 2) and others equating it to Ektal with six vibhags of two matras each.

The correct answer is Chaddhas.

Key Points

• The Jarawa tribe inhabits parts of the Andaman Islands, primarily in the South and Middle Andaman region.
• They refer to their home or territory as "Chaddhas." This term is intrinsic to their language and cultural identity.
• The Jarawas are one of the indigenous groups in the Andaman Islands, known for their traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle.
• Efforts to preserve the autonomy and culture of the Jarawa tribe have been made by restricting external interference in their designated areas.
• The tribe's language and customs are unique and are critical to their understanding of the world around them, including their connection to their land, "Chaddhas."

Additional Information

• Jarawa Tribe:
  • The Jarawas are believed to have migrated to the Andaman Islands around 26,000 years ago.
  • They are classified as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) under Indian law.
  • They primarily rely on hunting, fishing, and gathering for sustenance, staying largely isolated from modern civilization.
• Andaman Islands:
  • The Andaman Islands are an archipelago in the Bay of Bengal, forming part of the Indian Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
  • The islands are home to several indigenous tribes, including the Great Andamanese, Onge, and Sentinelese.
• Conservation Efforts:
  • The Indian government has implemented policies to protect the Jarawas, including the establishment of the Jarawa Tribal Reserve.
  • Tourism and other activities in their regions are heavily regulated to reduce external influence and exploitation.
• Languages of the Andaman Tribes:
  • The languages spoken by the indigenous tribes, such as the Jarawas, are unique and are part of the Ongan language family.
  • These languages are unwritten and transmitted orally, making cultural preservation crucial for their survival.

The correct answer is Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh.

Key Points

• The Konyak tribe is primarily found in the northeastern states of Nagaland and parts of Arunachal Pradesh.
• They are one of the largest tribes in Nagaland, predominantly residing in the Mon district.
• The Konyaks are traditionally known as fierce warriors and have a unique culture, including their practice of headhunting in the past.
• Their tribal identity is marked by tattoos, which symbolize their achievements and social status.
• They are skilled in handicrafts, blacksmithing, and agriculture, contributing significantly to their local economy.

Additional Information

• Head-Hunting Practice:
  • The Konyak tribe was historically known for its practice of headhunting, which was a significant cultural ritual symbolizing bravery and strength.
  • This practice ended decades ago due to the influence of Christianity and modern governance.
• Traditional Attire and Tattoos:
  • Konyak men and women wear distinctive tribal attire adorned with beads, feathers, and ornaments.
  • Their facial and body tattoos were traditionally earned after successful headhunting expeditions.
• Aoling Festival:
  • The Konyak tribe celebrates the Aoling festival, marking the arrival of spring and the start of the agricultural season.
  • It is observed in the first week of April and includes traditional dances, songs, and rituals.
• Language and Culture:
  • The Konyak tribe speaks the Konyak language, which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family.
  • They are known for preserving their indigenous traditions and oral folklore passed down through generations.

The correct answer is Santhal.

Key Points

• The Santhal tribe is the largest tribal community in Jharkhand, constituting around 34% of the total tribal population in the state.
• Santhals are primarily concentrated in the districts of Dumka, Pakur, and Sahebganj in Jharkhand.
• The tribe has a rich cultural heritage, including the Santhali language, which is part of the Austroasiatic language family and has its own script called Ol Chiki.
• The Santhals are traditionally agriculturalists and have also been known for their involvement in forestry and hunting.
• The Santhal Rebellion (1855-1856) against the British colonial rule is a significant historical event in India’s tribal history.

Additional Information

• Tribal Population in Jharkhand:
  • Jharkhand has a significant tribal population, comprising 26.2% of the state’s total population as per the 2011 Census.
  • Other major tribes in Jharkhand include Oraon, Munda, and Ho.
• Santhal Rebellion:
  • The Santhal Rebellion, also known as the Santal Hul, was a revolt led by the Santhals against the oppressive policies of the British East India Company and Zamindari system.
  • It started in 1855 under the leadership of Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu.
• Ol Chiki Script:
  • Ol Chiki is the official script for writing the Santhali language, developed by Pandit Raghunath Murmu in 1925.
  • The script is unique and has gained recognition in India for preserving the cultural identity of the Santhal community.
• Cultural Practices:
  • Santhals are known for their vibrant cultural practices, including traditional dances like Santhal dance, performed during festivals like Sohrai and Karam.
  • Their music, played with traditional instruments such as the tumdak and banam, forms an integral part of their cultural identity.

The correct answer is Tariqa.

Key Points

• Tariqa refers to the distinct spiritual paths or orders within Sufism in India.
• Sufi orders or Tariqas are organized around a spiritual guide or Sheikh.
• Prominent Tariqas in India include the Chishti, Qadiri, Suhrawardi, and Naqshbandi orders.
• Each Tariqa emphasizes specific spiritual practices and teachings aimed at achieving closeness to God.

Additional Information

• Tasawwuf:
  • It is the Arabic term for Sufism, which represents Islamic mysticism.
  • It focuses on inner purification and spiritual development.
• Dhikr:
  • Dhikr refers to the remembrance of God through specific phrases or prayers.
  • It is a common practice in Sufism aimed at achieving spiritual mindfulness.
• Sama:
  • Sama is a Sufi practice that involves listening to music and chanting to attain spiritual states.
  • It is often associated with the whirling dervishes of the Mevlevi order.
• Sheikh:
  • A Sheikh is a spiritual guide or leader in a Sufi order.
  • They are responsible for guiding their followers on the spiritual path.

The correct answer is Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh.

Key Points

• The Konyak tribe is primarily found in the northeastern states of Nagaland and parts of Arunachal Pradesh.
• They are one of the largest tribes in Nagaland, predominantly residing in the Mon district.
• The Konyaks are traditionally known as fierce warriors and have a unique culture, including their practice of headhunting in the past.
• Their tribal identity is marked by tattoos, which symbolize their achievements and social status.
• They are skilled in handicrafts, blacksmithing, and agriculture, contributing significantly to their local economy.

Additional Information

• Head-Hunting Practice:
  • The Konyak tribe was historically known for its practice of headhunting, which was a significant cultural ritual symbolizing bravery and strength.
  • This practice ended decades ago due to the influence of Christianity and modern governance.
• Traditional Attire and Tattoos:
  • Konyak men and women wear distinctive tribal attire adorned with beads, feathers, and ornaments.
  • Their facial and body tattoos were traditionally earned after successful headhunting expeditions.
• Aoling Festival:
  • The Konyak tribe celebrates the Aoling festival, marking the arrival of spring and the start of the agricultural season.
  • It is observed in the first week of April and includes traditional dances, songs, and rituals.
• Language and Culture:
  • The Konyak tribe speaks the Konyak language, which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family.
  • They are known for preserving their indigenous traditions and oral folklore passed down through generations.

The correct answer is Telugu.

Key Points

• Padas in Carnatic classical music are a genre of compositions that are known for their intricate structure and deep emotional content.
• They are predominantly written in Telugu, though some are also found in Sanskrit and Tamil.
• Telugu is often referred to as the "Italian of the East" due to its melodious nature, making it highly suitable for musical compositions.
• Padas are primarily used in dance forms such as Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi, where they serve as an expressive medium.
• Famous composers of Padas include Kshetrayya and Sarangapani, who wrote extensively in Telugu, enriching the Carnatic music repertoire.

Additional Information

• Terminology: In Carnatic music, a "Pada" refers to a lyrical composition often used to express devotion, love, or philosophical ideas.
• Language and Usage: Telugu, being a Dravidian language, has played a significant role in the development of Carnatic music, with many compositions being written in it.
• Kshetrayya: A prominent composer of Padas in Telugu, Kshetrayya's works are known for their devotional and romantic themes, often dedicated to Lord Krishna.
• Connection with Dance: Padas are extensively used in classical Indian dance forms, where the lyrics are interpreted through expressive gestures (abhinaya).
• Historical Context: The tradition of composing Padas flourished during the Vijayanagara Empire and later under the patronage of regional rulers in South India.

The correct answer is Chaddhas.

Key Points

• The Jarawa tribe inhabits parts of the Andaman Islands, primarily in the South and Middle Andaman region.
• They refer to their home or territory as "Chaddhas." This term is intrinsic to their language and cultural identity.
• The Jarawas are one of the indigenous groups in the Andaman Islands, known for their traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle.
• Efforts to preserve the autonomy and culture of the Jarawa tribe have been made by restricting external interference in their designated areas.
• The tribe's language and customs are unique and are critical to their understanding of the world around them, including their connection to their land, "Chaddhas."

Additional Information

• Jarawa Tribe:
  • The Jarawas are believed to have migrated to the Andaman Islands around 26,000 years ago.
  • They are classified as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) under Indian law.
  • They primarily rely on hunting, fishing, and gathering for sustenance, staying largely isolated from modern civilization.
• Andaman Islands:
  • The Andaman Islands are an archipelago in the Bay of Bengal, forming part of the Indian Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
  • The islands are home to several indigenous tribes, including the Great Andamanese, Onge, and Sentinelese.
• Conservation Efforts:
  • The Indian government has implemented policies to protect the Jarawas, including the establishment of the Jarawa Tribal Reserve.
  • Tourism and other activities in their regions are heavily regulated to reduce external influence and exploitation.
• Languages of the Andaman Tribes:
  • The languages spoken by the indigenous tribes, such as the Jarawas, are unique and are part of the Ongan language family.
  • These languages are unwritten and transmitted orally, making cultural preservation crucial for their survival.

The Correct answer is metal.

Key Points

• Manjira is a traditional percussion instrument widely used in Indian classical and folk music.
• It is made of metal, typically brass or bronze, which gives it a unique resonating sound.
• The instrument consists of a pair of small cymbals connected by a cord or string.
• When struck together, the cymbals produce a high-pitched rhythmic sound, adding a distinctive layer to musical compositions.
• Manjira is commonly used in devotional music, such as bhajans and kirtans, across India.
• Its simple design and portability make it a popular choice for accompanying vocal music and dance performances.
• The metal used in Manjira ensures durability and a consistent tone quality, which is crucial for musical precision.
• In many Indian traditions, the sound of the Manjira is considered auspicious and is often used in religious and ceremonial contexts.

 Additional Information

• Goatskin
  • Goatskin is commonly used in the construction of membrane-based percussion instruments, such as drums and tambourines.
  • It provides a durable and resonant surface for producing sound when struck.
  • However, it is not suitable for Manjira, as this instrument relies on the resonating property of metal.
• Wood
  • Wood is often used to make instruments like flutes, tablas, and string instruments.
  • While wood is versatile and widely used in musical instrument construction, it does not have the resonating quality needed for cymbals like Manjira.
• Cloth
  • Cloth is not typically used in the construction of musical instruments but may serve as an accessory, such as straps or coverings.
  • It lacks the structural and resonating properties required for instruments like Manjira.

The correct answer is Pakad.

Key Points

• Pakad refers to a specific and recognizable sequence of notes or phrases that serves as the unique musical identity of a Raga in Indian classical music.
• It acts as the signature pattern that helps listeners instantly identify a Raga during a performance.
• Pakad encapsulates the essence of the Raga, highlighting its key movements and characteristic notes.
• While the improvisation in Ragas allows artistic freedom, the Pakad ensures that the rendition stays true to the identity of the Raga.
• Every Raga has its own distinct Pakad, which is carefully crafted to distinguish it from other Ragas.

Additional Information

• Thata: A system in Hindustani classical music used to classify Ragas based on their scale (Aroha and Avaroha). It serves as a broad framework but doesn’t define the unique identity of a Raga like Pakad.
• Aroha: The ascending scale of a Raga, outlining the upward movement of notes. It is an essential component but doesn’t capture the essence of a Raga like Pakad does.
• Avaroha: The descending scale of a Raga, outlining the downward movement of notes. Similar to Aroha, it provides the framework but is not the unique identifier.
• Raga: A melodic framework for improvisation in Indian classical music, characterized by specific notes, phrases, and emotions. The Pakad is one of the key elements that defines a Raga.
• Importance of Pakad: It ensures the performance aligns with the intended Raga, maintaining its distinctiveness while allowing space for creativity.

The correct answer is Aalaap.

Key Points

• Aalaap is a free-flowing form of melody used in Indian classical music.
• It does not use words or fixed rhythm, focusing entirely on the musical notes.
• Performed at the beginning of a raga to set the mood and explore its tonal and melodic structure.
• Aalaap is often characterized by its improvisational nature, allowing the musician to express creativity.
• It is typically performed with a slow tempo, gradually building up to more complex sequences.

Additional Information

• Raga:
  • A melodic framework for improvisation and composition in Indian classical music.
  • Consists of specific notes and a scale, used to evoke certain emotions.
  • Each raga has its own unique characteristics and rules for note progression.
• Taal:
  • The rhythmic aspect of Indian classical music, consisting of cycles of beats.
  • Different taals have varying numbers of beats and structures.
  • Commonly used taals include Teentaal, Ektaal, and Jhaptal.
• Sargam:
  • A system of notation used in Indian classical music.
  • Consists of seven primary notes: Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni.
  • Helps musicians to learn and practice scales and melodies.
• Improvisation:
  • A key feature of Indian classical music, allowing musicians to explore and create spontaneously.
  • Requires a deep understanding of the raga and its nuances.
  • Often used in the performance of Aalaap to showcase the artist's skill.

The correct answer is a - 3, b - 4, c - 1, d - 2.

Key Points

• Yogishwar, the ancient name, corresponds to Jageshwar, which is famous for its group of over 100 ancient temples dedicated to Lord Shiva.
• Gothala, referred to in ancient texts, is identified with Gopeshwar, a town known for its spiritual significance and proximity to the Tungnath temple.
• Kalo Danda is the historical name for Lansdowne, a serene hill station in Uttarakhand established by the British in 1887 as a military base.
• Punar, an ancient term, is linked to Rudraprayag, a confluence town of the Alaknanda and Mandakini rivers, holding a significant place in Hindu mythology.

Additional Information

• Jageshwar (Yogishwar):
  • Jageshwar is an important Hindu pilgrimage site in Uttarakhand.
  • It houses the Jageshwar Dham, a collection of temples dedicated to Lord Shiva, dating back to the 9th to 13th century AD.
  • The site is located amidst dense deodar forests and is part of the Kumaon region.
• Gopeshwar (Gothala):
  • Gopeshwar is the administrative headquarters of Chamoli district in Uttarakhand.
  • The Gopinath Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, is a prominent attraction here.
  • It serves as a base for pilgrims visiting the famous Tungnath temple, the highest Shiva temple in the world.
• Lansdowne (Kalo Danda):
  • Lansdowne, named after Lord Lansdowne, a Viceroy of India, is a peaceful hill station in the Garhwal region.
  • It is known for its colonial-era buildings and as the regimental center of the Garhwal Rifles of the Indian Army.
  • The Bhulla Tal Lake and Tip-in-Top viewpoint are major tourist attractions.
• Rudraprayag (Punar):
  • Rudraprayag is one of the Panch Prayags (five confluences) of the Alaknanda River.
  • It is the meeting point of the Mandakini and Alaknanda rivers, both sacred in Hindu beliefs.
  • The town is associated with various legends, including those of the sage Narada meditating here to please Lord Shiva.

The correct answer is Pt. Vishwa Mohan Bhatt.

Key Points

• Pt. Vishwa Mohan Bhatt is a renowned Indian musician and the creator of the Mohan Veena, a modified slide guitar.
• He is known for blending Indian classical music with Western instruments and creating a unique sound.
• Pt. Vishwa Mohan Bhatt won the prestigious Grammy Award in 1994 for his album "A Meeting by the River," which showcased his mastery of the Mohan Veena.
• The Mohan Veena is a hybrid instrument that combines elements of the sitar, sarod, and Hawaiian guitar, offering a distinct tonal quality.
• Pt. Vishwa Mohan Bhatt has received numerous accolades, including the Padma Shri and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, for his contributions to Indian classical music.

Additional Information

• Mohan Veena:
  • The Mohan Veena is a modified slide guitar with 20 strings, including melody, drone, and sympathetic strings.
  • It is widely used in Indian classical music and is played using a steel bar for sliding notes.
  • The instrument creates a rich and resonant sound, bridging Indian and Western musical traditions.
• Grammy Award:
  • Pt. Vishwa Mohan Bhatt won the Grammy Award in the category of "Best World Music Album" in 1994.
  • "A Meeting by the River," his collaborative album with Ry Cooder, showcased the Mohan Veena to a global audience.
• Indian Classical Music:
  • Indian classical music is divided into two major traditions: Hindustani (North Indian) and Carnatic (South Indian).
  • Pt. Vishwa Mohan Bhatt is a prominent figure in the Hindustani tradition.
  • The Mohan Veena has broadened the scope of Indian classical music by introducing new possibilities for melodic and harmonic expression.
• Padma Shri Award:
  • Pt. Vishwa Mohan Bhatt was honored with the Padma Shri, one of India's highest civilian awards, for his contributions to music.
  • This award recognizes individuals for excellence in various fields, including arts, education, sports, and public service.

The correct answer is Galos.

Key Points

• The Galo tribe is one of the prominent tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, primarily residing in the West Siang, Lower Siang, and parts of East Siang districts.
• They belong to the Mongoloid race and speak the Galo language, which is a dialect of the Sino-Tibetan language family.
• Galos are known for practicing shifting cultivation, particularly Jhum farming, and their cultural traditions revolve around nature and agriculture.
• The tribe follows its indigenous religion called Donyi-Polo, worshipping the Sun and Moon as deities.
• They celebrate important festivals such as Mopin, which is marked by rituals for prosperity and happiness.

Additional Information

• Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh:
  • Arunachal Pradesh is home to multiple indigenous tribes including Galos, Nyishis, Apatanis, Adis, and Monpas.
  • Most of these tribes have distinct languages, traditions, and cultural practices.
• Jhum Cultivation:
  • Jhum cultivation, also known as shifting cultivation, is a traditional agricultural practice in which a patch of land is cleared, cultivated, and abandoned for regeneration.
  • It is common among many tribes in northeastern India.
• Donyi-Polo Faith:
  • Donyi-Polo is the indigenous religion of many Arunachal tribes, emphasizing the worship of the Sun (Donyi) and Moon (Polo).
  • The faith promotes harmony with nature and ancestral rituals.
• Mopin Festival:
  • Mopin is the major festival celebrated by the Galo tribe to invoke blessings for a good harvest, health, and prosperity.
  • It involves rituals, folk dances, and communal feasting.